重建恢复：整合感觉-运动-认知策略优化ACL康复
简介
尽管前交叉韧带重建（ACLR）技术和康复方案已显著改善躯体恢复，但许多运动员重返运动时仍存在神经运动缺陷，导致再伤风险增加。这些缺陷——感觉整合异常、过度依赖视觉、运动策略低效——反映了中枢神经可塑性适应，而传统康复很少涉及。本文探讨如何将运动学习原则及感觉-运动-认知策略整合到ACLR康复中，以重塑恢复过程、增强适应性并提升运动准备度。强调外部注意焦点的康…
英文摘要
Although advances in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) techniques and rehabilitation protocols have improved physical recovery, many athletes return to sport with neuromotor deficits that increase reinjury risk. These limitations-altered sensory integration, excessive visual reliance, and inefficient motor strategies-reflect central neuroplastic adaptations rarely addressed in conventional rehabilitation. This clinical commentary explores how applying motor learning principles and sensory-motor-cognitive strategies may rewire recovery, enhance adaptability, and improve athletic readiness following ACLR. Rehabilitation emphasizing an external focus of attention improves movement efficiency and neural processing, while variable practice enhances adaptability by exposing athletes to changing task and environmental demands. Differential learning, in which repetition is intentionally varied, uses movement variability to strengthen error detection and correction under dynamic constraints. The integration of sensory challenges-such as virtual reality, stroboscopic vision, or wearable biofeedback-supports proprioceptive reweighting and perception-action coupling. Collectively, these approaches shift rehabilitation from prescriptive repetition toward enriched practice environments that better reflect sport demands. By prioritizing adaptability rather than repetition, clinicians may promote more automatic, resilient, and context-specific movement behaviors that support safer and more sustainable return to sport outcomes.