半腱肌与半腱肌腱的系统综述与荟萃分析：全球形态测量、性别差异及手术意义
简介
该研究对半腱肌腱（STT）的形态学特征进行了系统综述和荟萃分析，纳入53项研究（其中46项提供定量数据，共3,134例测量标本）。关键发现：STT平均长度为27.41 cm，女性短于男性（26.57 cm vs 28.99 cm），亚洲人群短于欧洲和北美人群（26.19 cm vs 28.79 cm和27.93 cm）；尸体测量值（25.56 cm）短于术中…
英文摘要
BACKGROUND: The semitendinosus tendon (STT) is one of the most commonly harvested autografts for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. However, morphometric data describing its anatomical variability remain inconsistent across studies. PURPOSE: To systematically review and quantitatively synthesize available evidence on the morphometric characteristics of the semitendinosus muscle and tendon across different populations and sexes. METHODS: A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. Fifty-three studies were included overall. Of these, 46 studies with extractable quantitative data contributed to the meta-analysis, comprising 3,134 measured STTs, while 7 additional studies were included in the qualitative synthesis only. RESULTS: The pooled mean STT length across all studies was 27.41 cm (95% CI: 26.73-28.09). Shorter tendons were observed in females compared with males (26.57 cm vs 28.99 cm) and in Asian populations compared with European and North American cohorts (26.19 cm vs 28.79 cm and 27.93 cm, respectively). Cadaveric studies reported shorter lengths (25.56 cm) compared with intraoperative (28.16 cm) and ultrasound measurements (29.59 cm). The tendinous portion within the muscle belly averaged 11.75 cm, while the distal tendon from the musculotendinous junction to the pes anserinus measured 15.22 cm. CONCLUSION: This meta-analysis provides a comprehensive synthesis of STT morphology across populations. The findings highlight population- and sex-related variability and provide anatomical reference data that may assist in understanding STT morphology in the context of ligament reconstruction.