儿童盘状半月板：现代儿童膝关节手术应以半月板保留与修复为目标
简介
儿童盘状半月板是最常见的先天性半月板异常，多累及外侧半月板。传统上对症状性盘状半月板多行次全或全切除术，但基于对半月板生物力学功能及远期预后的新认识，当代手术理念已转向关节镜下盘状半月板重塑成形，并联合修补相关撕裂或周缘失稳，以恢复半月板形态和功能。临床治疗应以保留半月板组织为首要目标。
英文摘要
Discoid meniscus is the most common congenital meniscal abnormality encountered in pediatric patients and frequently involves the lateral meniscus. While some discoid menisci remain asymptomatic, many children and adolescents develop pain, mechanical symptoms, or instability requiring surgical treatment. Historically, subtotal or total meniscectomy was commonly performed to address pain, mechanical symptoms, and functional limitation associated with symptomatic discoid meniscus. However, growing evidence regarding the biomechanical and long-term consequences of meniscal loss has led to a significant shift in treatment philosophy. Contemporary surgical management therefore emphasizes preservation of meniscal tissue whenever possible. Arthroscopic reshaping of the discoid meniscus combined with repair of associated tears or peripheral instability allows restoration of meniscal morphology while maintaining its biomechanical function. Given the long life expectancy and activity demands of pediatric patients, meniscal preservation should be considered the primary objective when surgically treating symptomatic discoid meniscus in children.