由外向内内侧副韧带松解在膝关节镜手术中对安全增宽内侧关节间隙及功能恢复显示出更优证据：一项系统综述
简介
这项纳入13项研究的系统综述（证据等级Level IV）比较了膝关节镜手术中不同内侧副韧带（MCL）松解技术的解剖目标、生物力学效应、关节间隙增宽及临床结局。Outside-in技术（尤其是经皮pie-crusting法）研究最广泛，关节间隙增宽幅度最大（2.5–12 mm），优于Inside-out技术（3–7 mm）；各技术均报告功能评分改善，Outsi…
英文摘要
PURPOSE: To compare various medial collateral ligament (MCL) release techniques used during knee arthroscopy by evaluating their anatomical targets, biomechanical effects, medial joint space widening, clinical and functional outcomes, and associated complications. METHODS: A comprehensive literature search was performed in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science for studies published between January 2000 and June 2025. Eligible studies focused on MCL release in adult knee arthroscopy patients and reported clinical and functional outcomes. Data on medial joint space opening, knee instability, functional scores, and complications were extracted. RESULTS: Thirteen studies were included, with the outside-in technique, especially the percutaneous pie-crusting method, being the most extensively studied. The outside-in technique consistently achieved the greatest joint space widening, with increases ranging from 2.5 to 12 mm. The inside-out technique showed moderate joint space expansion (3-7 mm). Functional outcomes improved significantly across all techniques. The outside-in technique reported a Lysholm score increase from 48.2 to 80, a visual analog scale score decrease from 5.6 to 1.8, and an International Knee Documentation Committee score rise from 51.4 to 82.2. The inside-out technique showed a moderate improvement in Lysholm score from 59.3 to 85.7, with no significant differences in instability or long-term complications. Subperiosteal release also enhanced Lysholm scores from 50 to 92.5, with minor increases in joint laxity that resolved over time. All techniques showed low complication rates, with transient needle tract pain and mild ecchymosis being the most common side effects. CONCLUSIONS: MCL release techniques, especially the outside-in percutaneous pie-crusting method, improve medial joint space visualization and medial joint space during knee arthroscopy, aiding meniscal repair, partial meniscectomy, meniscal root repair, and other procedures. These techniques are generally safe but cause temporary ligamentous laxity similar to a grade I MCL sprain, so they are not entirely "benign." Surgeons must weigh inducing controlled trauma against potential drawbacks of a tighter joint because the risk-benefit balance varies case by case. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level IV, systematic review of Level III and IV studies.