神经肌肉训练与视觉-运动训练对单侧前交叉韧带重建术后女性运动员落地生物力学、功能表现及心理因素的影响：一项简单平行组随机对照试验
简介
采用三组平行随机对照设计，45例单侧ACL重建术后女性运动员随机分为神经肌肉训练（NMT）、视运动训练（VMT）和对照组，每组15例，评估落地生物力学、功能表现及ACL-RSI心理测评。与基线相比，NMT和VMT在髋、膝、踝屈曲峰值、膝外翻峰值、垂直地面反作用力、Y-Balance试验、三级跳及ACL-RSI上均显著改善（效应量0.98–1.63），但两组间…
英文摘要
PURPOSE: This study aims to compare the effects of neuromuscular training (NMT) and visuo-motor training (VMT) on the biomechanics of the landing task, functional performance, and psychological factors in female athletes with a history of unilateral anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR). MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 45 competitive female athletes (age: 27.83 ± 4.44; height: 167.58 ± 7.52 ± ; BMI: 23.4 ± 1.93) with unilateral ACLR were recruited. Participants were randomly assigned to one of three groups: the NMT group (n = 15), the VMT group (n = 15), and a control group (n = 15). Using a video camera and a force plate system, Kinematic and kinetic data were evaluated during a landing task. Functional performance was assessed through the triple hop test and the Y-Balance Test (YBT). Additionally, kinesiophobia was measured using the Short Anterior Cruciate Ligament-Return to Sport after Injury scale (ACL-RSI). Data analysis was conducted in SPSS 28.0, employing a repeated-measures ANOVA (3 groups × 2 time points). RESULTS: Both the NMT and VMT showed significant improvements in peak hip flexion (p = 0.02, Effect size (EF) = 1.13 for NMT, p = 0.02, EF = 1.22 for VMT), peak knee flexion (p = 0.02, EF = 1.21 for NMT, p = 0.02, EF = 1.23 for VMT), peak dorsiflexion (p = 0.001, EF = 1.56 for NMT, p = 0.001, EF = 1.53 for VMT), peak knee valgus (p = 0.03, EF = 0.98, for NMT, p = 0.04, EF = 1.01 for VMT), GRFv (p = 0.001, EF = 1.42 for NMT, p = 0.001, EF = 1.39 for VMT), YBT (p = 0.02, EF = 1.11 for NMT, p = 0.03, EF = 1.12 for VMT), triple hop test (p = 0.02, EF = 1.15 for NMT, p = 0.02, EF = 1.16 for VMT), and ACL-RSI scale (p = 0.001, EF = 1.62 for NMT, p = 0.001, EF = 1.63 for VMT). Also, there was no significant difference between the two NMT and VMT groups in all measured variables (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION: Both interventions resulted in significant improvements in the lower limbs' angle, GRFV, and psychological factors in female athletes with unilateral ACLR. While both NMT and VMT are effective rehabilitation approaches, providing clinicians with distinct options, it is important to acknowledge key methodological limitations, including the small sample size and short follow-up duration.