女性运动员前交叉韧带重建术后重返高风险运动的可能性是男性运动员的一半：性别间重返运动结局的探索
简介
这项随机临床试验的二次分析比较单束腘绳肌腱自体移植 ACLR 联合或不联合髂胫束外侧关节外腱固定，纳入500例伤前从事跳跃、旋转、变向等高风险运动并接受 ACLR 的患者，并分别以重返伤前运动及水平、重返任何高风险运动、重返任何运动三种定义评估 RTS。总体重返任何运动、高风险运动和伤前高风险运动及水平者分别为86.5%、76.5%和45.5%，男性运动员在…
英文摘要
BACKGROUND: Differences in female and male athletes' return-to-sport (RTS) outcomes after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) are not well understood. The purpose of this study was to explore sex-based differences in RTS rates and predictors of RTS after ACLR for athletes participating in high-risk sports. HYPOTHESIS: Female athletes will have significantly lower RTS rates than male athletes. STUDY DESIGN: Secondary analysis of a randomized clinical trial comparing single-bundle hamstring tendon autograft ACLR with or without a lateral extra-articular tenodesis using the iliotibial band. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level 1. METHODS: Data from 500 patients who underwent ACLR and participated in high-risk (jumping, pivoting, cutting) sport before injury were included in the study. Three definitions of RTS were created: return to preinjury sport and level, return to any high-risk sport at any level, and return to any sport at any level. Return rates were reported for the overall sample, and separately for male and female athletes. Multivariable logistic regression models were constructed to investigate predictors of each RTS outcome. RESULTS: Approximately 86.5% of patients returned to any sport, whereas 76.5% returned to a high-risk sport, and only 45.5% returned to their preinjury high-risk sport and level. Male athletes reported consistently higher RTS rates than female athletes. In the final model predicting return to high-risk sport, female athletes had 53% lower odds of returning to high-risk sports compared with male athletes (odds ratio [OR], 0.47; 95% CI, 0.29 to 0.76; P < 0.01). For female athletes, earlier surgical intervention, higher confidence in the knee, and a stable knee were significant predictors of returning to high-risk sport. CONCLUSION: Female athletes are less likely to RTS after ACLR compared with their male counterparts; however, this discrepancy appears greatest for athletes returning to high-risk sports. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Female athletes in high-risk sports may be an important target population for interventions to improve RTS rates after ACLR, and psychological readiness and knee stability may be important treatment targets within this group.