前交叉韧带重建：移植物选择的临床结果与生物力学考量——叙述性综述
简介
这篇叙述性综述围绕ACL重建的移植物选择，整合了拉伸强度、刚度等生物力学特性、移植物整合的生物学因素、固定策略及临床结果。最佳移植物仍存争议，综述强调生物力学性能与生物学愈合及术后结果的关系，以支持个体化选择；但作为叙述性综述，其证据级别有限。
英文摘要
Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction represents the current gold standard for restoring knee stability following ligament rupture, particularly in young and physically active individuals. The aim of this narrative review is to provide an updated overview of the biomechanical, biological, and clinical considerations underlying graft selection in ACL reconstruction, with particular emphasis on graft incorporation, fixation strategies, and postoperative outcomes. While surgical techniques and fixation devices have undergone substantial refinement, the optimal choice of graft remains a subject of ongoing debate. Traditionally, emphasis has been placed on the biomechanical characteristics of grafts, including tensile strength, stiffness, and resistance to cyclic loading. However, increasing attention has been directed toward biological factors that influence graft incorporation and clinical outcomes. The aim of this narrative review is to summarize the currently available literature regarding graft selection in ACL reconstruction by integrating biomechanical properties, biological graft incorporation, fixation strategies, and clinical outcomes. Particular emphasis is placed on the relationship between biomechanical performance and biological healing, as well as postoperative outcomes, in order to facilitate individualized graft selection in contemporary orthopedic practice.