盘状半月板的结构及功能生物力学分型
简介
本综述回顾盘状半月板分类从Watanabe等形态学分型，向纳入外周缘稳定性、撕裂特征及功能意义的Klingele、Good、Yang和PRiSM分类演变。盘状半月板因胶原排列紊乱、外周附着异常和环向应力传导受损，具有特殊生物力学与愈合潜能。作者提出未来分类应整合形态、生物力学、成分及影像生物标志物，以判断组织质量、预测修复结局并指导个体化保留组织手术。
英文摘要
The discoid meniscus is a morphologic variant associated with altered biomechanics and an increased risk of tearing, yet the systems used to classify it have historically emphasized shape over function. This review examines how classification of the discoid meniscus has evolved, from early morphologic schemes such as the Watanabe classification to more comprehensive frameworks that account for peripheral rim stability, tear characteristics, and functional relevance. We discuss later systems proposed by Klingele, Good, and Yang, which recognized rim stability and tear patterns as key determinants of symptoms and surgical management, and we describe how the PRiSM classification consolidates these advances into a standardized, reproducible system incorporating morphology, thickness, stability, and tear characteristics. We further frame the discoid meniscus as a biomechanical entity in which disorganized collagen, abnormal peripheral attachment, and impaired hoop-stress transmission shape tissue behavior and healing potential. Finally, we argue that future classification systems should integrate morphologic, biomechanical, compositional, and imaging biomarkers to better characterize tissue quality, predict repair outcomes, and guide patient-specific, tissue-preserving treatment. Uniting structure and function within a single framework may improve prognostication and surgical planning.