ACL重建后2年单腿和双腿反向纵跳中不对称生物力学决定因素的识别
简介
24例ACL重建后约2年受试者行等长/等速膝伸肌力量测试及三维动作捕捉下单、双腿反向跳跃。结果示下肢运动学无差异，但重建侧膝关节伸肌峰值力矩与功率降低，且股四头肌峰值力矩及力矩发展率与蹬伸期膝关节功率和跳跃高度相关。提示ACLR后2年仍存在膝关节负荷不足，康复应优先恢复股四头肌峰值力矩与力矩发展率。
英文摘要
After anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR), individuals often demonstrate asymmetrical lower-extremity biomechanics and suboptimal vertical jump performance. These deficits have negative implications for reinjury risk and ability to return to sport. This study aims to quantify asymmetrical lower-extremity (hip, knee, and ankle) biomechanics and identify modifiable impairments contributing to altered knee joint mechanics and vertical jump performance after ACLR. Twenty-four individuals (19.6 [3.4] mo post-ACLR) performed isometric and isokinetic knee extensor strength testing followed by single- and double-limb vertical jumps using 3D motion capture. We found no differences in lower-extremity kinematics but did observe reduced peak knee extensor moment and joint power in the ACL-involved limb during both jumps. Furthermore, quadriceps peak torque and rate of torque development were significantly associated with propulsive knee joint power and vertical jump height. The findings from this study highlight that individuals demonstrate persistent knee joint underloading 2 years following ACLR that is related to inadequate quadriceps peak torque and rate of torque development. Clinicians should prioritize restoration of quadriceps peak torque and rate of torque development to improve knee joint kinetics, vertical jump performance, and overall readiness to return to competitive sport.