跳跃测试表现与重返运动相关，但与前交叉韧带重建后再损伤关联有限：一项系统综述和Meta分析
简介
纳入43项研究、17,350例患者的系统综述与荟萃分析显示，ACLR后单腿跳远（SLHD）和三次交叉跳远（TCHD）的LSI≥90%与重返运动概率更高相关，腘绳肌腱自体移植及无半月板损伤者更明显；但三级单腿跳远LSI≥90%与再损伤增加相关。总体证据确定性低，仅凭距离型跳跃测试不足以预测再损伤，需结合其他指标用于重返运动决策。
英文摘要
Hop tests are commonly used to assess return to sports (RTS) after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR), yet whether they can effectively predict successful RTS and reinjury risk remains unclear. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to determine the associations between hop test performance and the likelihood of RTS and reinjury following ACLR. PubMed, SPORTDiscus with Full Text, MEDLINE and Web of Science were searched for studies that included participants with primary unilateral ACLR, assessed functional performance using hop tests and reported outcomes of RTS and reinjury. Data on participant characteristics, follow-up duration, RTS criteria, hop test types and measures, and relevant results were extracted. Data were synthesized using quantitative or qualitative approaches. Risk of bias was assessed using a modified Newcastle-Ottawa Scale, and the quality of evidence was evaluated with the modified GRADE framework. Forty-three studies involving 17, 350 participants were included. Twenty-four studies investigated RTS and 21 examined reinjury. Meta-analyses revealed achieving a limb symmetry index (LSI) ≥ 90% in single-leg hop for distance (SLHD) (OR = 1.20, 95% CI: 1.09 to 1.33) or triple crossover hop for distance (TCHD) (OR = 1.18, 95% CI: 1.02 to 1.36) was associated with a higher probability of RTS, whereas achieving LSI ≥ 90% in triple hop for distance (OR = 1.05, 95% CI: 1.01 to 1.09) was associated with increased odds of reinjury. Subgroup analyses showed stronger associations for RTS in studies with > 90% hamstring tendon autografts (OR = 1.64, 95% CI: 1.13 to 2.39) and among individuals without meniscal injury (OR = 1.39, 95% CI: 1.14 to 1.69). Overall, low certainty of evidence suggests achieving an LSI ≥ 90% in SLHD and TCHD is associated with a higher likelihood of RTS within two years after ACLR, particularly in individuals with hamstring autografts and without meniscal injury. However, distance-based performance of hop test alone may be insufficient to predict reinjury risk.