前交叉韧带损伤后接触性团队运动中的场上康复：运动、进阶及关键原则的范围综述
简介
该范围综述系统检索了2010–2025年文献，纳入38篇关于接触性集体球类运动（以足球为主）运动员ACL损伤后“场上康复”的研究。现有文献多为描述性，普遍采用2–5阶段进阶框架，从直线跑和受控训练逐步过渡至多方向移动、专项技能及比赛模拟，进阶以标准（如无痛、关节活动度及力量达标）而非时间为主导，并强调康复团队协作。临床提示：场上康复的具体分工与组织结构仍有待…
英文摘要
OBJECTIVES: To map and summarise the existing scientific literature on on-field rehabilitation (OFR) exercises, progression and principles supporting athletes' return to contact team sports after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury. DESIGN: Scoping review. DATA SOURCES: PubMed, CINAHL, AMED, Cochrane, SPORTDiscus, PEDro, Scopus and Embase Library were searched in April 2025. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA FOR SELECTING STUDIES: Sources of any design published between 2010 and 2025 that described or evaluated OFR for athletes returning to contact team sports after ACL injury or reconstruction, following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) guidelines; studies involving athletes of any age, sex or competition level were eligible. RESULTS: The search identified 6880 records; 38 sources met the inclusion criteria. Most sources were descriptive and focused predominantly on football, with limited representation of basketball, rugby and ice hockey. OFR was commonly described using multistage (2-5 steps) frameworks progressing from linear running and controlled drills to multidirectional movements, sport-specific skills and practice simulations. Progression was primarily criterion-based rather than time-based, guided by minimal pain or swelling, restored knee range of motion, adequate strength and limb symmetry, and tolerance to running loads. Several articles applied the control-chaos continuum. Collaboration between physiotherapists, coaches and athletes was emphasised, although roles, responsibilities and organisational structures were rarely described. CONCLUSION: The current OFR literature after ACL injury is largely descriptive, emphasising staged, criterion-based progression and multidisciplinary collaboration. However, actionable guidance on roles, responsibilities and organisational structures is minimal, underscoring the need for empirical studies to establish and evaluate standardised OFR practices. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: 10.17605/OSF.IO/T6UN2.