欧洲职业足球运动员下肢损伤后重返运动与运动表现结果的比较：系统评价与Meta分析
简介
针对欧洲职业足球运动员下肢损伤后重返运动的系统综述与荟萃分析显示：ACL损伤后重返运动率80%–95%，需215–267天且运动表现持续下滑；跟腱断裂恢复率70%–78%，恢复期119–161天。腘绳肌等肌肉损伤恢复最快（15–24天）且长期影响小。该结果可为ACL术后重返运动时间及预后判断提供参考。
英文摘要
BACKGROUND: Lower extremity injuries are common in professional soccer and can significantly impact return to play (RTP) and player performance. While individual injuries have been studied, comparative data across injury types remain limited. PURPOSE: To systematically evaluate return to play rate (RTPR), return to play time (RTPT), and post-injury performance outcomes following lower extremity injuries in professional European soccer players. STUDY DESIGN: Systematic review and meta-analysis; Level of evidence, 4. METHODS: A systematic search of PubMed and Embase was performed in accordance with PRISMA guidelines, covering database inception through May 2026 (initial search conducted January 2024; updated May 2026). Studies evaluating professional European soccer players with lower extremity injuries and reporting RTP outcomes were included. Primary outcomes were RTPR and RTPT. Secondary outcomes included post-injury performance metrics. A random-effects meta-analysis of proportions was performed for anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries and Achilles tendon ruptures. RESULTS: Twenty-nine studies met inclusion criteria. ACL injuries demonstrated RTPR ranging from 80% to 95%, with RTPT of 215-267 days, and were associated with persistent declines in performance metrics, including minutes played and offensive production. Achilles tendon ruptures had RTPR of 70% to 78% and RTPT of 119-161 days, with significant short-term reductions in performance. Meniscus and medial collateral ligament (MCL) injuries demonstrated lower RTPR (approximately 70%) but shorter recovery timelines. Adductor and hamstring injuries were associated with the shortest RTPT (approximately 15-24 days) and minimal long-term performance decline. Meta-analysis demonstrated a pooled RTPR of 90.3% (95% CI, 81.2%-95.2%; I2=70.6%) for ACL injuries and 76.6% (95% CI, 69.2%-82.7%; I2=0%) for Achilles tendon ruptures. CONCLUSION: Among lower extremity injuries in professional European soccer, ACL injuries and Achilles tendon ruptures are associated with the greatest impact on RTP and player performance, whereas muscle injuries are associated with faster recovery and less sustained performance decline. As all included studies were observational, these findings represent associations rather than causal relationships and should be interpreted accordingly. These findings may assist clinicians and teams in prognostication and return-to-play decision-making.