儿童及青少年盘状外侧半月板处理：近期进展综述
简介
本文综述了儿童青少年盘状外侧半月板的诊疗进展，指出其病理特征为胶原紊乱、易撕裂及不稳定，近年分型系统更关注半月板宽度、高度、稳定性与撕裂模式。治疗上，无症状者保守观察，有症状者行盘状半月板成形术，伴外周不稳或撕裂者联合修补，骨骼未成熟者还需处理下肢力线偏移。该文为儿童盘状半月板的诊治决策提供系统参考。
英文摘要
Discoid lateral meniscus (DLM) is a structural anomaly characterized by an increased volume and altered collagen fibers, primarily affecting the lateral meniscus. Although its incidence varies, DLM is often present in the pediatric population and may present with acute or chronic knee symptoms, such as joint line pain, mechanical symptoms, and the inability to achieve terminal extension. Diagnosis is typically confirmed through magnetic resonance imaging and clinical evaluation. Histological studies have revealed disorganization and decreased collagen density in DLM, predisposing it to tears and instability. Various classification systems exist, with recent advancements focusing on meniscal width, height, stability, and tears, to guide treatment decisions. Conservative management is suitable for asymptomatic cases, whereas symptomatic patients may benefit from saucerization to restore meniscal function. Surgical intervention, including saucerization and repair, is indicated in cases of peripheral instability or tears. Additionally, addressing mechanical axis deviations in skeletally immature patients is crucial for optimizing the outcomes. This review provides insights into the pathogenesis, classification, and treatment strategies of DLM in children and adolescents.