前交叉韧带重建术后6个月运动员下蹲时下肢减载及膝关节功能使用减少与跳跃表现下降相关
简介
22名前交叉韧带重建术后6个月运动员的蹲起与反向跳测试显示，手术侧下肢在蹲起及起跳阶段表现出更低的膝伸肌力矩和垂直地面反作用力，且髋/膝力矩比更高。蹲起力学不对称性与跳跃力学指标中度至强相关，髋主导代偿策略与较差的跳跃表现相关。康复训练应针对性地增加手术侧膝关节的功能使用，以纠正髋关节过度代偿，助力重返运动。
英文摘要
OBJECTIVES: Examine between-limb kinetic asymmetries during the ascent phase of the squat and countermovement jump (CMJ) in athletes 6 months post-anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR). Determine whether squatting mechanics are associated with jumping mechanics and performance. DESIGN: Cross-sectional. SETTING: Biomechanics laboratory. PARTICIPANTS: Twenty-two athletes (14-26 years), six months post-ACLR. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Average vertical ground reaction force (vGRF), hip and knee extensor moments, hip/knee moment ratios, and limb symmetry indices (LSIs) during the ascent phase of squatting and CMJ and jump height and reactive strength index. RESULTS: ACLR limbs demonstrated lower knee extensor moments and vGRF, and higher hip/knee moment ratios during squat and jump ascent. LSIs for vGRF and knee extensor moment, along with the hip/knee moment ratio of the ACLR limb, were moderately-strongly correlated across squatting and jumping (r = 0.473-0.683; p < 0.05). Greater hip extensor moments and hip/knee moment ratios in both limbs were associated with poorer jump performance (r = -0.433 to -0.614; p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Squat kinetic asymmetries were associated with asymmetries in CMJ mechanics, while hip-dominant squat mechanics were associated with poorer jump performance. Physical therapy should counter hip-overreliance strategies by increasing functional use of the ACLR knee to support return to sport readiness.