三分之二重返但表现受损：欧洲顶级女子足球联赛前交叉韧带重建的结局分析
简介
一项欧洲五大联赛女足精英运动员ACL重建术后队列研究（206名球员，242例损伤）显示，术后重返运动率为66.8%，中位返场时间为9.8个月，仅5.1%在术后6个月内回归。重返后第一年出场次数、总出场时间及场均时间分别下降47.4%、57.8%和24.4%，中场球员下降最为显著。该III级证据提示，康复与重返运动策略应结合位置特异需求并设定合理的表现预期。
英文摘要
PURPOSE: To analyse return-to-play (RTP) rates, timing and performance outcomes following anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction (ACLR) in elite European women's soccer players across the top five leagues. METHODS: We reviewed ACL injuries sustained by female professional soccer players across the Bundesliga, Women's Super League, Primera División Femenina, Serie A Women and Première Ligue between 2007 and 2025. Players were included if they had a confirmed ACL injury requiring ACLR and one season of performance data pre- and post-injury. Players were excluded if the injury occurred during their rookie season or after the 2023 season. Data were collected from Soccerdonna.de and Transfermarkt. RESULTS: A total of 242 ACL injuries in 206 unique players were included, with a median follow-up of 2.0 seasons (interquartile range [IQR]: 1.0-4.0). The cohort had a median age at injury of 22.7 years (IQR: 20.4-26.0; mean 23.4 ± 3.8 years). Of 242 injuries, 161 (66.8%) resulted in RTP. For those who returned, the median RTP time was 9.8 months (IQR: 7.9-11.4). Only 7 (5.1%) players achieved RTP before 6 months. In the first year following RTP, significant performance decreases were observed: games played (-47.4%, p < 0.001), total minutes (-57.8%, p < 0.001) and minutes per game (-24.4%, p < 0.001). Midfielders experienced the greatest decline in playing time (-41.2%, p < 0.001), while goalkeepers showed minimal change (-8.0%, p = 0.625). No significant age-related differences were observed. Median post-injury career length was 2.0 seasons (IQR: 2.0-4.0). CONCLUSIONS: A RTP rate of 66.8% was observed following ACLR in elite European women's soccer; however, returning players faced significant performance decreases in the first year post-return, with notable position-specific variations. These reductions likely reflect a combination of injury-related recovery factors and team selection dynamics. Rehabilitation and RTP strategies should therefore integrate position-specific demands, realistic performance expectations and gradual reintegration plans, particularly for midfielders who demonstrated the greatest performance decline. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level III.