术后4个月单腿下蹲膝关节生物力学预测前交叉韧带重建后6及12个月结局：一项队列研究
简介
这项前瞻性队列研究纳入53例ACL重建患者，术后4个月行三维生物力学分析，测定单腿下蹲时峰值膝屈曲角度和力矩（KFM），并随访6、12个月功能结局。结果发现，4个月时的峰值KFM可独立预测6个月IKDC评分及伸膝力量，且对力量的预测持续至12个月，其预测价值优于膝屈曲角度。提示术后早期单腿下蹲中的膝关节负荷策略比下蹲深度更具预后意义，可用于指导康复分期评估。
英文摘要
Persistent functional deficits frequently complicate recovery following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR). This prospective cohort study investigated whether sagittal-plane knee biomechanics during a single-leg squat at 4 months post-ACLR predict functional outcomes at 6 and 12 months. Fifty-three participants underwent 3D biomechanical analysis at 4 months to measure peak knee flexion angle and moment (KFM). Clinical outcomes, including muscle strength, hop performance, and patient-reported measures, were assessed at follow-up. Regression analysis revealed that 4-month peak KFM was a consistent independent predictor of future function. Higher KFM significantly predicted greater 6-month International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) scores and knee extension strength, with predictive value for strength persisting at 12 months. Conversely, among the sagittal-plane variables examined, peak KFM was a stronger predictor of 6- and 12-month outcomes than peak KFA, suggesting that internal knee loading strategy during the single-leg squat (SLS) may carry greater prognostic value than squat depth. Further research is needed to determine whether biomechanical variables from other planes contribute additional predictive information.