视觉干扰和双重任务条件对前交叉韧带重建术后1至5年单腿垂直跳跃表现的影响
简介
一项横断面研究纳入30例ACL重建术后1至5年患者与30例健康对照，在单腿垂直跳跃中附加Stroop测试及频闪视觉干扰（SVD）等视觉-认知负荷。结果显示SVD及SVD+Stroop条件下两组成功率均下降约17-20%、跳跃高度降低约1 cm，ACLR组患肢高度低于健肢，但未较对照组呈现额外损害。提示重返运动测试应纳入视觉-认知挑战，但证据等级为Level …
英文摘要
BACKGROUND: Current return-to-sport (RTS) testing after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) lacks the visual and cognitive demands consistent with most sporting environments. Implementing RTS tests that challenge these systems may better assess RTS readiness, potentially reducing reinjuries. This study assessed the effects of additional visual-cognitive demands on single-leg vertical hop (VH) performance. HYPOTHESIS: Visual-cognitive conditions would result in reduced hop heights, success rates, and ground reaction force (GRF) impulses for both healthy controls and participants at 1 to 5 years post-ACLR, with greater reductions in those post-ACLR. STUDY DESIGN: Cross-sectional. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level 3. METHODS: A total of 30 ACLR and 30 healthy control participants completed 3 successful trials for each of 4 randomized VH conditions: VH, VH + stroop test (Stroop), VH + stroboscopic visual disruption (SVD), and VH + SVD + ST (Stroop-SVD). Between-conditions and between-limb differences in success rates, hop height, and GRFs were assessed using linear mixed effects models, with sex as a covariate. RESULTS: Across all groups, success rates were lower in SVD (-17.1%; P < 0.01), Stroop-SVD (-20.3%; P < 0.01), and Stroop (-5.6%; P = 0.02) compared with VH (89.1%). Hop height was lower in SVD (-0.9 cm; P < 0.01) and Stroop-SVD (-1.0 cm; P < 0.01) than VH (19.6 cm). In the ACLR group, hop height was lower in the surgical limb compared with the nonsurgical limb (-1.2 cm; P < 0.01), across all test conditions. CONCLUSION: SVD and Stroop-SVD conditions resulted in reduced success rates and hop height in both groups. Although participants post-ACLR displayed surgical limb VH deficits, SVD and Stroop-SVD did not further impair ACLR group performance compared with healthy controls. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The VH protocol was found to be reliable and challenged participants enough to induce errors in both healthy participants and those 1 to 5 years post-ACLR.