前交叉韧带重建术后1年内神经肌肉与皮层活动的观察研究
简介
一项前瞻性观察研究纳入31例ACL重建患者与31例健康对照，利用脑电图和肌电图评估术后1.5至12个月关节位置觉、下楼梯及单腿跳跃任务中的皮层与神经肌肉活动。结果显示，ACL重建患者患肢和健肢在关节位置觉及下楼梯任务中神经肌肉活动持续异常（p<0.05），但皮层活动无明显改变。提示术后一年内神经肌肉功能恢复不充分，康复中应重视神经肌肉再训练，并考虑采用更具挑…
英文摘要
Cross-sectional studies have indicated impaired neuromuscular and cortical activities following anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. However, adaptations throughout the recovery process remain unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to examine neuromuscular and cortical activity over the first year following ACL reconstruction. A prospective observational study was conducted, including 31 participants following ACL reconstruction (12 females, age: 25 ± 6 years, height: 173 ± 9 cm, mass: 72 ± 11 kg) and 31 healthy controls (12 females, age: 26 ± 6 years, height: 175 ± 9 cm, mass: 70 ± 10 kg). Electroencephalography and electromyography were used to assess cortical and neuromuscular activity during joint position sense (JPS) test, while only neuromuscular activity was recorded during stair descent and single-leg hop tasks. The ACL group underwent evaluation at five postsurgical intervals (1.5, 3-4, 6, 9, and 12 months), while the control group was assessed on a single occasion. Linear mixed models were used to compute differences in neuromuscular and cortical activity across the various time points and groups in JPS testing and stair descent, while independent and dependent t-tests were employed for analysis of the neuromuscular activity during single-leg hop. ACL-reconstructed participants demonstrated sustained altered neuromuscular activity in both involved and noninvolved limbs during JPS and stair descent tasks compared to controls (p < 0.05) with differences present across all measured time points. No significant differences in cortical EEG activity during JPS test were detected. Neuromuscular alterations were observed consistently throughout the initial year of recovery. The absence of cortical activity changes suggests a reassessment of more challenging tasks. Further investigation is required into neuromuscular and motor relearning protocols to ascertain their impact on rehabilitation and return to sport.