运动干预改善运动员落地错误评分系统评分的系统评价与Meta分析
简介
该系统评价与Meta分析纳入24项试验共1153名运动员，评估了多种运动干预对落地错误评分系统（LESS）评分的影响。结果显示，综合神经肌肉训练和SportsMetrics™训练均可显著降低LESS评分（MD分别为2.40和2.99），表明结构化多模式神经肌肉干预能有效改善运动员的落地力学。但当前证据仅支持生物力学风险标志物的改善，尚不能直接证实ACL损伤发…
英文摘要
The landing error scoring system (LESS) is a critical tool for evaluating jump-landing biomechanics in athletes, particularly for identifying movement patterns that may increase the risk of non‑contact injuries such as anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries. This systematic review aimed to examine the effects of various exercise interventions on improving LESS scores among athletes. Comprehensive searches of PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Embase were performed from database inception through June 2025. Two independent reviewers screened for studies reporting the effects of exercise interventions on LESS. We extracted data on each study's design, athletic discipline, exercise modality, intervention parameters (duration and session frequency), and participants' demographic characteristics. Study quality was assessed using the Downs & Black checklist. Meta-analyses were conducted in RevMan 5.4 using a random-effects model to calculate mean differences (MD) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) and generate forest plots, and overall evidence certainty was graded via GRADE. Twenty-four trials (total n = 1,153; mean age 15 years; 51.8% female) met inclusion criteria. Intervention categories comprised integrated neuromuscular training (12 studies), SportsMetrics™ training (4 studies), FIFA 11+ (3 studies), TRX-based training (2 studies), and four studies evaluating other exercise interventions. Integrated neuromuscular training yielded significantly lower LESS scores (MD = 2.40; 95% CI 1.17-3.63; P < 0.001; I² = 51%), as did SportsMetrics™ (MD = 2.99; 95% CI 2.07-3.91; P < 0.001; I² = 0%). The results of FIFA 11 + interventions were heterogeneous. Structured multimodal neuromuscular interventions, particularly those incorporating progressive plyometric training, appear effective for improving LESS scores and landing mechanics in athletes. However, the current evidence supports improvements in biomechanical risk markers rather than direct reductions in ACL injury incidence. Future studies should determine whether improvements in LESS scores translate into meaningful reductions in ACL injury risk.