前交叉韧带重建患者术前术后平衡特征的演变：对康复的启示
简介
该研究利用高分辨率足底压力系统，评估了25例ACL重建患者术前、术后2个月及6个月的静态与动态平衡功能，并与25例正常对照比较。结果显示，术前患者存在显著平衡缺陷及双侧不对称；术后2个月仅COP前后偏移长度改善；术后6个月大部分参数恢复，但患侧COP内外侧偏移仍增加，足底压力及步态线长度仍不对称。该发现提示术后6个月虽基本恢复，但COP轨迹与足底压力不对称持…
英文摘要
BACKGROUND: Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries frequently necessitate anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR), yet balance deficits persist during preoperative and postoperative periods. However, comprehensive longitudinal comparative studies remain scarce. This study utilized a high-resolution plantar pressure system to thoroughly assess these balance characteristics, aiming to optimize clinical rehabilitation. METHODS: Fifty participants [25 in the ACLR group, 25 in the normal control (NC) group] were assessed using the SMARTX-MFS plantar pressure system. The ACLR group was assessed preoperatively, 2 months postoperatively, and 6 months postoperatively. The static parameters included the pressure proportion of the affected side (PA), the center of pressure (COP) 95% confidence ellipse area (SCOP) and the COP trajectory length (LCOP). The dynamic parameters included COP medial-lateral offset length (LCOP-ML), COP anterior-posterior offset length (LCOP-AP), gait line length (LG), single-leg support line length (LS), maximum moving speed of COP (VMAX), proportion of swing period (PSW), support period (PS), weight-bearing response period (PWB), single-leg support period (PSL), pre-swing period (PSP), and the maximum pressure in the forefoot (PMAX-F), arch (PMAX-A) and heel (PMAX-H). Inter-group and intra-group comparisons were conducted. RESULTS: Preoperatively: The ACLR group exhibited impairments in both static and dynamic balance, alongside profound bilateral asymmetry. Two Months Postoperatively: Only LCOP-AP showed significant improvement (P > 0.05). Six Months Postoperatively: Static balance and most dynamic parameters showed no statistically significant differences compared to the NC group, except for increased LCOP-ML (P < 0.05) and decreased LG and LS of the affected side (P < 0.05). Within the ACLR group, the affected side still exhibited extremely significant decreased LG, LS, and PMAX-F (P < 0.001), while PMAX-A and PMAX-H decreased significantly (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The ACLR group showed significant balance deficits at pre-operation. Only the LCOP-AP showed significant improvement at 2 months post-operation. The deficits basically recovered at 6 months post-operation. However, the asymmetry of COP trajectory and plantar pressure still existed. The study provided a basis for clinical rehabilitation assessment.