美国职业橄榄球运动员前交叉韧带重建术后重返赛场趋势的系统评价与Meta分析
简介
这项系统综述与荟萃分析纳入了12项研究、1166名职业美式足球运动员，评估ACL重建后重返运动率、时间、重返伤前水平及再断裂率。结果显示，总体重返运动率为73.1%，重返者中93.6%恢复伤前水平，再断裂率仅4.4%，平均重返时间为340.1天；不同时期（2016年前、2016–2020年、2021年后）上述指标无显著差异。尽管该人群特殊，但高重返率与低再损…
英文摘要
PURPOSE: Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries are frequent among professional American football players and often require surgical reconstruction followed by prolonged rehabilitation. Return to play (RTP) is a key outcome, yet substantial variability persists in reported RTP rates, timelines, level of return, and re-injury risk. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to compare RTP rates, time to RTP, return to pre-injury performance, and ACL re-rupture rates in professional American football players across three time periods. METHODS: This study followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. A systematic search of PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library identified studies reporting RTP outcomes following ACL reconstruction in professional American football players, including selected high-level collegiate cohorts. Methodological quality was assessed using the Methodological Index for Non-Randomized Studies (MINORS). Four outcomes-overall RTP rate, time to RTP, return to pre-injury level, and ACL re-rupture rate-were extracted and meta-analyzed across three publication periods (before 2016, 2016-2020, and after 2021), used to explore temporal trends. RESULTS: Twelve studies met the inclusion criteria, including 1,166 professional American football players. The pooled RTP rate was 73.1% (95% CI, 62.5-80.5). No significant differences were found across periods (p > 0.05), although RTP rates numerically decreased from 78.9% to 69.8%. Among players returning to sport, 93.6% (95% CI, 77.7-100) regained their pre-injury performance level, with no significant temporal differences (p > 0.05). The pooled ACL re-rupture rate was 4.4% (95% CI, 2.0-7.3), with comparable rates across periods. Mean time to RTP was 340.1 days (95% CI, 313.1-367.1), with no temporal differences. CONCLUSIONS: More than 70% of professional American football players return to play after ACL reconstruction, and most returning athletes regain their pre-injury performance level, with low re-rupture rates. Although more recent studies reported numerically lower return-to-play rates, these differences were not statistically significant.