前交叉韧带重建术后何时开始增强式训练：一项随机临床试验的系统综述
简介
本系统综述纳入16项随机对照试验（685例，平均年龄25.2岁），发现ACL重建后开始增强式训练（plyometric training）的平均时间为术后13.5周，启动标准涵盖临床、力量、运动表现、生物力学及患者报告结局。尽管63%的研究存在偏倚风险，该结果仍为康复实践中安全引入增强式训练提供了时间参考与评估框架。
英文摘要
CONTEXT: Injury to the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) causes substantial long-term disabilities for athletes. Exercise methods like plyometrics have been considered ideal due to their neuromuscular and motor control benefits. OBJECTIVE: This systematic review aims to provide practitioners with criteria for starting to perform plyometric training exercise (PTE) after ACL reconstruction (ACLR). DATA SOURCES: A review of relevant literature was conducted using PubMed, Cochrane Library, and PEDro. STUDY SELECTION: Based on a set of criteria, only relevant randomized controlled trials were included in the study from inception to March 18, 2026. STUDY DESIGN: Systematic review of randomized clinical trials. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level 1. DATA EXTRACTION: An appropriate form was developed and tested for collecting data from the literature to answer the current question. As part of the risk of bias assessment, an updated version of the Cochrane tool was used, and the GRADE approach was applied. RESULTS: Of the studies' outcomes, 63% raised some concerns about bias. Across 16 studies, 685 participants (70% men, 30% women) were included, with a mean age of 25.23 years. PTE began on average after 13.50 weeks post-ACLR as reported in 14 studies. A number of criteria were considered when starting PTE, including clinical, strength, performance, biomechanics, and patient-reported outcomes. CONCLUSION: Programs of plyometric training have been reported to start on average 13.50 weeks after ACLR. There is still a need to conduct more research to establish the validity of the proposed assessment criteria to start plyometric exercises in a safe manner. This study's findings may enable PTE to be implemented more practically in ACL rehabilitation programs, which reduces the gap between research and practice.