曲线减速比直线任务导致更大的冠状面膝关节负荷
简介
本研究纳入12名健康男性业余运动员，比较三种最大减速任务（直线冲刺直线减速、曲线冲刺直线减速、曲线冲刺曲线减速）对膝关节额面负荷的影响。结果显示，尽管减速前质心速度无显著差异，曲线冲刺曲线减速时峰值膝外展力矩显著高于其他两种任务（vs曲线冲刺直线减速P=0.007，效应量dz=1.13；vs直线冲刺直线减速P=0.036，dz=0.87）。地面反作用力组间无…
英文摘要
BACKGROUND: Non-contact anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries often occur during rapid decelerations and change-of-direction tasks. Although most high-intensity movements in team sports follow curved trajectories, the biomechanical consequences of curvilinear deceleration remain unclear. This study examined whether curved decelerations increase frontal-plane knee loading associated with ACL injury risk compared with straight-line tasks. METHODS: Twelve healthy, recreationally active males performed three maximal deceleration tasks in randomized order: (1) straight-line sprint and deceleration (Straight:Straight), (2) curved sprint with straight-line deceleration (Curved:Straight), and (3) curved sprint with curved deceleration (Curved:Curved). Three-dimensional motion capture and embedded force plates were used to compute center of mass (COM) velocity, peak external knee abduction moment (KAM), resultant ground reaction force (GRF), and frontal-plane moment arm. Repeated-measures ANOVAs with Bonferroni-corrected post-hoc tests assessed differences across tasks. RESULTS: COM velocity prior to deceleration was similar across tasks (P = 0.36). Peak KAM was significantly greater during Curved:Curved compared with both Curved:Straight (P = 0.007, dz = 1.13) and Straight:Straight (P = 0.036, dz = 0.87). The resultant GRF did not differ significantly between tasks (P = 0.056), whereas the frontal-plane moment arm was significantly longer in Curved:Curved (P = 0.004, dz = 1.04). CONCLUSION: Curved deceleration, independent of approach trajectory, increased knee joint loading through longer frontal-plane moment arms despite comparable entry velocities. These findings identify curvilinear deceleration as an underexplored game situation that may contribute to non-contact ACL injury mechanisms and support the inclusion of curved braking drills in athlete screening and injury mitigation programs.