变向角度减小增加ACL负荷：男性足球运动员不同变向冲刺中角度依赖性前交叉韧带负荷
简介
该研究通过肌肉骨骼模拟，量化了15名男性业余足球运动员在45°、90°、135°和180°四种变向冲刺中的ACL组织负荷。关键发现：峰值ACL应变范围为5.1%–8.5%，应变率最高达84%·s⁻¹，两者均在45°变向时最大；尽管膝外展力矩随变向角度增大而升高，但ACL应变和应变率却随角度增大而降低。临床意义：较小变向角度（如45°）对ACL施加更大负荷，提…
英文摘要
Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries frequently occur during high-speed, non-contact movements such as change of direction (COD) maneuvers. While external joint moments such as the knee abduction moment (KAM) are widely used as surrogate markers of ACL loading, they do not directly quantify tissue loading. Understanding ACL loading at tissue level and how it varies with COD angle may improve prevention and screening protocols. Fifteen recreational male soccer players performed planned 45°, 90°, 135°, and 180° COD sprints. Marker trajectories and ground reaction forces were captured with three-dimensional motion capture system and force plates. Musculoskeletal simulations were conducted in OpenSim using a multi-body knee model and the Concurrent Optimization of Muscle Activations and Kinematics framework. Knee kinematics and kinetics in all three anatomical planes, ACL strain and ACL strain rate were extracted across COD angle conditions. Repeated measures ANOVAs with post-hoc tests were applied. Peak ACL strain ranged from 5.1 to 8.5%, and ACL strain rate reached up to 84%·s⁻1. Both parameters were highest at 45° COD. These values fall within physiologically plausible ranges reported in in-vitro and in-vivo studies. Despite higher KAMs for increased angles, ACL strain and ACL strain rate decreased with increasing COD angle. Musculoskeletal simulations revealed that smaller COD angles impose greater ACL loading in male soccer players, illustrating that surrogate metrics such as KAM may not accurately reflect ACL loading. These findings emphasize the multifactorial nature of ACL loading. It further demonstrates the value of musculoskeletal modelling as a comprehensive approach to quantify ligament loading and inform angle-specific injury-prevention and testing strategies.