前交叉韧带重建术后6个月和9个月足球运动员的蹲跳及双侧与单侧反向跳表现
简介
本研究回顾性比较了72名男性足球运动员（ACL术后6个月组、9个月组及健康对照组）的蹲跳、双侧及单侧反向纵跳表现。结果显示：术后6个月组蹲跳（45.13 cm）和双侧反向纵跳（49.67 cm）高度显著低于9个月组（50.03 cm、53.79 cm）和对照组（51.12 cm、55.49 cm）；9个月组与对照组在双侧跳跃上无显著差异。但单侧跳跃中，患侧腿…
英文摘要
Background and Objectives: The assessment of neuromuscular recovery after ACL reconstruction is crucial for safe return to sport (RTS) in professional soccer players. This retrospective cross-sectional study aimed to compare squat jump (SJ), bilateral countermovement jump (CMJ), and single-leg CMJ performance in three distinct groups: players at 6 months post-ACL reconstruction, players at 9 months post-ACL reconstruction, and healthy controls. Materials and Methods: Seventy-two male players (24 at 6 months post-ACL, 24 at 9 months post-ACL, 24 healthy controls) performed squat jump, bilateral countermovement jump, and single-leg CMJ tests using contact platforms following a controlled warm-up protocol. Results: Significant group differences were observed in all jump tests. At 6 months post-ACL reconstruction, players demonstrated significantly lower squat jump (45.13 ± 6.20 cm) and bilateral countermovement jump (49.67 ± 6.80 cm) heights compared to both 9-month players (SJ: 50.03 ± 5.30 cm; CMJ: 53.79 ± 4.85 cm) and controls (SJ: 51.12 ± 4.97 cm; CMJ: 55.49 ± 5.54 cm) (p ≤ 0.016, η2 = 0.187 and η2 = 0.156, respectively). No significant differences between 9-month and control groups were observed for the squat jump and the bilateral countermovement jump. Regarding the unilateral countermovement jump, the injured leg showed significant performance deficits compared to controls in both the 6-month and 9-month groups (p = 0.001, η2 = 0.378). However, the non-injured leg exhibited deficits only in the 6-month group. Conclusions: Compared to the 6-month post-ACL reconstruction group, the 9-month group showed a marked improvement in bilateral jump performance, indicating substantial neuromuscular recovery over time. However, persistent unilateral deficits in the injured leg remained even at 9 months, underscoring the need for a routine and comprehensive jumping evaluation to identify residual neuromuscular impairments that may require targeted rehabilitation before returning to sport.