精英足球运动员重返赛场时机与继发性前交叉韧带损伤风险：一项基于Transfermarkt的纵向分析
简介
该研究基于Transfermarkt数据库（2005-2020年），纳入德、法、意、西、英五国862名精英男性足球运动员的1011次ACL损伤数据，分析重返运动（RTP）时机与二次ACL损伤风险的关系。结果显示：平均RTP时间从2005-2010年的196.7天延长至2015-2020年的219.9天（p<0.001），但二次ACL损伤比例反而从9.0%升至…
英文摘要
PURPOSE: Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries are frequent and potentially career-threatening in elite soccer. The optimal timing for return-to-play (RTP) remains debated, particularly its association with secondary ACL injury. This study evaluated temporal trends in RTP duration and investigated the association between RTP duration, post-ACL match exposure and secondary ACL injury risk in professional male soccer players. METHODS: Longitudinal publicly available data were analysed from Transfermarkt (2005-2020) on ACL injuries in elite male soccer players from Germany, France, Italy, Spain and the United Kingdom. Players were grouped into three five-season periods. Multivariable logistic regression was used to examine the association between RTP duration (days) and secondary ACL injury risk, adjusting for time period, post-ACL match exposure (per 1000 min) and age. Secondary ACL injury proportions and RTP duration trends were compared across time periods. RESULTS: A total of 1011 ACL injuries were identified in 862 unique players; 15.5% (n = 134) sustained ≥2 ACL injuries. Mean RTP duration increased over time (196.7 ± 50.9 days in 2005-2010 vs. 219.9 ± 67.4 days in 2015-2020; p < 0.001). The proportion sustaining a secondary ACL injury increased from 9.0% to 16.4% (p = 0.031). Post-ACL match exposure was strongly associated with reinjury risk (OR: 1.39 per 1000 min, p < 0.001), and younger age was independently associated with higher risk (OR: 0.86 per year, p < 0.001). After adjustment, players in 2010-2020 still exhibited a > 2-fold higher reinjury risk compared with 2005-2010 (p < 0.05). Longer RTP duration was not protective and showed a small positive association with reinjury risk (OR: 1.004, p = 0.034). CONCLUSION: Although RTP duration has increased over the past 15 years in elite soccer, this has not reduced secondary ACL injury risk. Extending RTP duration alone does not appear to reduce reinjury risk. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level III, retrospective cohort study.