职业足球运动员前交叉韧带重建后继发性肌肉损伤及运动表现下降：一项回顾性匹配队列研究
简介
本研究纳入40名职业足球运动员（ACL重建术后重返运动），与40名匹配对照者进行回顾性队列分析，随访24个月。关键发现：ACL组术后12个月内二次肌肉损伤发生率32.5%，显著高于对照组的12.5%（发病率比2.60，P<0.001）；损伤风险在重返运动后3-6个月达峰值；重返运动时间<9个月是二次肌肉损伤的独立预测因子（校正后OR=4.85，95%CI 2…
英文摘要
BACKGROUND: Professional soccer players who return to play after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) often experience secondary muscle injuries, but the true incidence, timing, and contributing factors remain incompletely defined. HYPOTHESIS/PURPOSE: It was hypothesized that soccer players returning after ACLR would show a higher incidence of secondary muscle injuries than matched controls, with an increased risk associated with premature return to play (RTP). The purpose of this study was to identify the incidence and risk factors for muscle injuries after ACLR and to evaluate their impact on athletic performance. STUDY DESIGN: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. METHODS: A total of 40 professional male soccer players who underwent ACLR between 2020 and 2023 were followed for 24 months after RTP. Players were matched 1:1 to controls based on age, position, league, and preinjury minutes played. Collected variables included RTP timing, muscle injury incidence and timing, injury characteristics, performance metrics (minutes played, goals/assists, defensive actions), and market value changes. Analyses included paired t tests, multivariable logistic regression, Kaplan-Meier survival curves, and Cox proportional hazards modeling. RESULTS: Within 12 months of RTP, 13 of 40 players (32.5%) in the ACLR group sustained at least one secondary muscle injury compared with 5 of 40 players (12.5%) in the control group (incidence rate ratio, 2.60; P < .001). The injury risk peaked between 3 and 6 months after RTP. RTP in <9 months was a strong independent predictor of a secondary muscle injury (adjusted odds ratio, 4.85 [95% CI, 2.12-11.07]). CONCLUSION: Professional soccer players returning to play after ACLR face a substantially elevated risk of secondary muscle injuries, particularly within the first 3 to 6 months. Premature RTP is a key modifiable risk factor.